英语作文 【关于春节的英语作文篇一】
Spring Festival is the most important festival in China .It ’s to celebrate the lunar calendar ‘s new year .In the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off
firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .
The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”. People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .
【关于春节的英语作文篇二】
Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. It's because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival. First, will make a big New Year meal. Second, we will make “Good-luck wishes.” Third, we will set off firecrackers. New Year meal is delicious and we think that eating some will bring us good luck. A long time ago, Chinese people believed red color could bring our good luck too. And we set off firecrackers could frighten ghosts away. Chinese New Year is very popular between students. Because we can have a long happy holiday.
【关于春节的英语作文篇三】
My spring festival This year I have a happy spring featival with my family. On New Year's Eve,all the family people get together to have a big dinner in the resturant.During the dinner we have a small talk and play some games.We say some good hope to each other.For example,keep good healthe,try your best to do
everything,have a good mood in this year,happy everyday and so on. Thanks to this spring festival,it make our family people get toghther.We enjoy ourselves and in the new year we all fighting.
【关于春节的英语作文篇四】
he New Year, This is a new start I'm in this festive holiday blessing to you happy New Year. Isdifferent, is not at home, but I am in my aunt home New Year. So the characteria different aiso, but I play or very happy. In the veveing, We is happy. In the veveing, we is happy. Fireworks stowly up the sky. The sky is busy. I"m so happy
【关于春节的英语作文篇五】
Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. It's because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival.
First, will make a big New Year meal. Second, we will make “Good-luck wishes. ” Third, we will set off firecrackers. New Year meal is delicious and we think that eating some will bring us good luck. A long time ago, Chinese people believed red color could bring our good luck too. And we set off firecrackers could frighten ghosts away.
Chinese New Year is very popular between students. Because we can have a long happy holiday.
【关于春节的英语作文篇六】
The Spring Festival， Chinese New Year，is the most important festival for all of us. All family members get together on New Year'Eve to have a big meal.At the same time ， everyone celebrates to each other.At about 12 o'clock ，some parents and children light crackers.The whole sky is lighted brightly. We may watch the fireworks excitedly.How busy it is!
On the first early moring of one year， many senior citizen get up early and they stick the reversed Fu or hang some couplets on the front door. Some house's windows are sticked on red paper cutlings.
The Chinese New Year lasts fifteen days. So during the fifteen days ， we always visit our relatives from door to door. At that time ， children are the happiest because
they can get many red packets form their parents ，grandparents ， uncles， aunts and so on. The last day of the Chinese New Year is another festival. It names the Lantern Festival.
So the Chinese New Year comes to the end.
【关于春节的英语作文篇七】
Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. It's because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival. First, will make a big New Year meal. Second, wfirecrackers. New Year meal is delicious and we think that eating some will bring us I love Spring Featival
【关于春节的英语作文篇八】
Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West. the dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the GREgorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February.
To the ordinary Chinese, the festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Year’s Day and ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. But the 15th of the first month, which normally is called the Lantern Festival, means the official end of the Spring Festival in many parts of the country.
Spring Festival is the most importantand popular festival in China.Before Spring Festival ,the people usually clean and decorate their houses.And they go to the Flower Fairs to buy some flowers.During Spring Festival ,the adults usually give lucky money to children.People often get together and have a big meal.Some people eat dumpling for dinner.
I love Spring Festival .
【关于春节的英语作文篇九】
Spring Festival
Spring festival is the most important festival to Chinese people.It always lasts for 15 days.Before this day,all the family members eat dinner together.Last spring festival,my parents and I had a wonderful time. We had the most delicious dinner. After dinner, my parents watched the Spring Festival Gala on CCTV together.But my cousins and I went outside and set off fireworks. They were so beautiful. The next day, we got the lucky money from the elders.We are looking forward to the next spring festival.
【关于春节的英语作文篇十】
Spring Festival is the most important festival in China .It ’s to celebrate the lunar calendar ‘s new year .In the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off
firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .
The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”. People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .
Finally I wish you a happy Spring Festival!
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如小写字母i ，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的竖笔连在一起，显得十分别扭。字形t 应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t ，倒像l 或是e ，难以辨认。另外，把r 写成v ，把q 写成把g ，把k 写成h 等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution 这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through 等也不能例外。
2. 缩略词如Mr. 、Dr. 等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。 缩略的专用名词如U.K.(the UnitedKingdom) 、U.S.A(United States of America)等也不能拆开移行。
3. 时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体; 不能分开移行。
如: 11:00 P.M. 应写在一行内，不能将11:00和PM. 分开移行; 写38℃时，不能将38和℃分开移行。
4. 由" 年、月、日" 表示的日期。如果必须分开移行只能将" 月、日" 与" 年" 分开。如January 6，1980不能将January 和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5. 含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better 可拆成bet-ter ，necessary 可拆成 neces-sary 。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill 加上-ing 后构成了drilling ，就不可以将它拆成dril-ling ，而只能拆为drilling 。
书信题型写作是应用文写作中常见的功能性写作形式，书信写作的准备一是宏观，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架，就是先写什么，后写什么; 二是微观，具体到语言如何使用。
折叠书信格式
一、书信写作考察的结构
①日期，写信人应将写信日期(年，月，日) 放在书信正文的右上角，如Jan. 30th, 2010。
提醒:考研书信写作没有要求考生必须写时间，如果没有把握自己的时间书写格式是正确的，建议考生不要写，以免出错反而扣分。
②称呼，称呼是写信人对收信人的称谓，称呼可以根据收信人的性别，职务，婚姻状况，姓名等个人信息来写，如:Mr. Williams,Mrs. Bush, Professor Li, Dr. Smith, Dear Mum and Dad
如果写信人不清楚收信人的具体姓名，职务等情况，可以写:Dear Sir orMadam, To whom it may concern 。
③正文，正文是书信的主要部分，在称呼下方隔一或两行处开始。考生写正文时，要分层次进行。书信正文通常由引言，展开段和结尾三个层次组成。
·引言，引言表明写信人的写信目的和写信背景，一般仅限于一段，一两句话即可。
提醒:此处考生容易犯一个错误:照抄题目的表达，甚至原句，这是一个严重的错误，在阅卷过程至少会扣到2分，希望广大考生要注意。
·展开段，展开段内容应详实，具体。可以分为若干段来写，每一段围绕一个主题展开。
提醒:提醒广大考生，题干中的要点必须全部包含，考生若是在漏掉一个要点(一般小作文有3个要点) 会至少扣掉3分。
·结尾，结尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一两句话表达一下希望或祝愿。
④结束语，结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二至三行处。公务等较正式的信件多采用Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Yours truly 等; 私人信件，多采用Yours, Withlove, Yours affectionately 等。
⑤签名，签名应写在结束语的下面。
二、主体段语言的操作
书信按照指令边想边写。主体第一段一句话，开门见山，提出写信的目的，表明信的性质:是投诉信还是申请信还是请求信? 我为什么要写这封信? 常用句式包括:
I am writing to complain about…
I am writing to thank… for… /express mygratitude for …
I am writing to ask for…
I am writing to apply for…
正文第二段，100个字左右，8、9句话。
此段写作的中心任务是把题目中的提纲进行扩展。如果有3条提纲，可以每一条提纲扩充3句。怎么样扩充，主要是发挥点小小的想象力，有两种思路，一是将上义拆分成为若干下义，二是把一件事情说得更为形象具体。比如第一条指令，题目里面说是books ，可以细化为各种各样的书，这就是下义拆分法。还可以具体描写一下这些书是什么样子的。同样第二个指令里面的methods ofpayment,和第三个指令里面的time and way of delivery都可以采用这两种方法进行扩展。
结尾，一般为礼貌性的套话，一般都是焦急等待着您的回信I am lookingforward to your reply足以，或者I would appreciate it if you could senda replay at your earliest convenience也行。
折叠书信句型
常用起首语
1) Looking forward to your early reply
2) Hoping to hear from you soon
3) I hope to hear from you very soon。
4) We look forward to your reply at yourearliest convenience。
5) Your early reply will be highlyappreciated。
6) I hope everything will be well withyou。
7) Please let us know if you want moreinformation。
8) I wish you very success in the comingyear。
9) Please remember me to your family。
10) With best regards to your family。
11) All the best。
12) With love and good wishes。
求职申请信常用句型
1. In reply to your advertisement in ~,Irespectfully offer my services for the situation。
2. With reference to your advertisementin ~ for a / an ~,I offer myself for the post。
3. Please consider me an applicant forthe position which you advertised in ~。
4. Having noticed the enclosedadvertisement in ~,I wish to apply for the position referred to。
5. In answer to your advertisement in ~for a ~,I wish to tender my services。
6. Your advertisement for a ~ in ~ hasinterested me. I feel I can fill that position。
7. Shall you need an experienced ~ foryour ~ next SUMMER?
8. I have been for over five years inthe employment of a / an ~ company
9. I have been in the business for thelast ~ years, and worked as the director of the„department 。
10. I've had ~ years' experience with acompany as a ~。
11. For the last ~ years, I have beenand still am a / an ~。
12. I'm ~ years of age, female / male,and have had ~ years' experience in a limited company's ~ office
13. I should be very glad to have apersonal interview and can furnish references if desired。
14. If you desire an interview, I shallbe most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint。
15. Should you think favorably of myapplication, kindly grant me an interview。
16. I trust that you'll give thisapplication your favorable consideration。
17. Should you give me a trial, I'll domy utmost to afford you every satisfaction。
申诉信常用句型
1. I am sorry to say that we are greatlyinconvenienced by the fact that ~。
2. I am writing this letter to complainabout ~。
3. I really must complain about thequality of the ~ I recently got from your company。
4. You seem to have supplied us with aproduct that falls far below the standard we expect。
5. The ~ I ordered from your storearrived broken. Obviously, no packing had been placed in the box before it wassent from the warehouse。
6. It is now over ~ since we made theabove order with you, but the ~ we need badly now haven't arrived yet。
7. The product I purchased from you ~proved to be quite a disappointment. Although it looks exactly the same as theone I saw in your commercial, it actually does not perform the same way。
8. As I have no interest in receiving areplacement, I am returning the product to you and demand that a full refund bemade to me。
9. I'd appreciate it very much if yourefund the money I have paid for it。
10. We would appreciate it if you wouldarrange for the replacement of the damaged items。
感谢信常用句式参考:
1. Let me tell you how much I liked /appreciated / enjoyed…
2. I want you to know how much we / Iappreciate…
3. We appreciate your taking time to …
4. I don't know how I would have managedwithout your help
5. I hope I can return the favor someday
6. Do let me know if I can ever returnthe favor
折叠语法要点
基英语学习的长期目标--交流所必需的能力之一。毋庸置疑，英语写作是集基础知识，基本能力和课外信息于一身的综合体现，同时，又要兼顾到写作者高超的写作技巧。因而，没有扎实的英语语法知识;
1) 、taff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours -- it must have been close to noon -- the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were ex
本段从"rose"(起床) 写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天结束("By nine--")。
B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From the distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a distance") 写起，然后"get closer" ，再到("ten feet
away") ，最后是"inside the pagoda" „„当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从"not need much skill" 或"of little importance" 到"more important"，最后是"most important"。
b. 由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A -- the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness ，先给出一个general statement 作为主题句，然后通过5个 "perhaps" 加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually
offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题:为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2) 形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies -- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases)，另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices) 。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both „and, consequently, and, finally. 后者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions 不仅对行文的流(smoothness)有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions 也就很难有coherence 了. 我们看下面一个例子:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 en211ago. Written language is arecent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的"it" 之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语. 这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language
is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
有损连贯
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:
改变时态
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
变单复数
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
改变人称
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
折叠编辑本段写作技巧
英语考试作文试题的一个最大的特点就是时限性，即在有限的时间内(一般分配30分钟) 按试题要求完成作文试题。有很多参试者最后交卷时作文题要么没有完成要么质量比较差，这其中当然有很多原因，但不可忽视的一点原因便是写作文时间不够来不及完成作文或来不及仔细思考写一篇合乎题目要求的文章。通过本次培训课程，各位可以学会一些减省写作时间的良方佳策。
英语作文试题一般要求字数在120字左右，段落一般为三段，因而有" 三段论" 一说。所谓" 三段论" 即全文分为三个自然段，一般结构为" 首段摆事实(现象) 、提观点(论点或问题) ，在这一部分参试者最好将题目要求中的第一个要点(一般为提出问题或观点) 作为首段的内容之一;
第二段剖析现象、分析论点，这也是全文的主体部分。在这一部分参试者需要将试题要求中的所有要点的内容都加以阐述和扩展，同时注意不要信马由缰的写一些与文章主题无关的内容以免被当作跑题处理; 第三段为结论段，这一段的主要任务是为全文做一个结论性的终结，让文章显得完整和连贯。至于开头和结尾有无固定的套路可循，我们后面的讲解中将会接触到。
折叠编辑本段标题的正确写法
每篇作文都有一个标题，英语叫title, 标题写在作文的第一行中间，和正文要间隔一行.
如果用打字机或者打印机打出，那么每个字母都要大写，例如，A FRIDEN OF MINE.如果是手写，那么一些重要的词的第一个字母不大写，因为介词，连词，和冠词通过被认为是不重要的词，不必大写.
不可将标题写成斜体，不可在标题下加横线，也不可用引号或者括号，即使标题是一个完整的句子，也不可以在末尾加上句号，
例如标题，The Sun Has Risen 不可以写The Sun Has Risen.
但如果标题是疑问句，则可以添加问号，例如，How Do You Like the Film?
如果标题是感叹句. 可以用惊叹号. 例如:What a Hero He Was!
折叠编辑本段写作能力
一 丰富学生词汇量，培养学生遣词造句的能力
词汇是组成语言最基本的单位，是写作的必需材料。词汇量不足或掌握得不好，都会给写作带来困难。众所周知，作文是信息的输出，一定要以输入为前提; 只有头脑中储备有一定数量的词汇，才有可能写出好作文。因此，加强词汇教学、扩大和丰富学生的词汇量是提高学生写作能力的基础工作。
因而，在进行词汇教学时，教师应通过例句讲清楚常用词的意义、使用条件、用法及搭配关系，然后再让学生模仿造句。此外，英语有自己的固定短语、固定搭配、特殊句型等，如果学生能在作文中恰到好处地使用它们，那将会大大地提高作文档次 。因此，平时必须加强这方面的基本训练，还要督促学生课后多多记忆。
二 适时传授语法知识，注意由浅入深
其实，在教学实践中，学生作文中的语法错误屡见不鲜，诸如名词的形式、动词的时态、代词的格、形容词的形式，乃至于语态、主谓搭配等多方面常会出现错误。如果学生不了解语法，写出的文章就会错误百出，显得档次很低。如果说高级词汇是珍珠，它们在文章中闪耀着夺目的光芒，那语法就一定是丝带，把珍珠有序地串联组合起来，这样才能使之成为精彩的文章。
由此可见，语法在英语作文中占有重要的地位。所以，在教学过程中，教师应设法将语法由浅及深、由易到难地渗透到课堂教学中去。其步骤第一，针对高一新生，可先介绍简单句的五个基本句型及存在句句型，即:S+V;S+V+O;S+V+O1+O2;S+V+O+OC;S+link-v+P;There be+S+„几乎所有的英语句型都是这些句型扩大、延伸或变化而来，如果学生能够掌握这些句型，并运用自如，就为后面的复合句和非谓语动词的学习奠定了基础。不过，同时也要注意动词时态的引入。第二，加强时态练习，训练学生正确使用动词形式。
三 依托教材多形式地训练
新课标教材的内容、题材和体裁丰富多彩，学生课文中有人物传记、剧本、科普文章、英美国家概况等，这些不仅开拓了学生视野，也为学生写作提供了写作素材和模板，在学习完一个单元后教师可根据不同内容对学生进行相应的训练，如复述课文、缩写课文、续写课文、扩写课文或改写课文等，还可模仿课文仿写。我个人体会改写和仿写是写作训练的好形式。
折叠编辑本段考试注意
常见的英语作文类型分为议论文、图表文、记叙文、应用文等，不同类型文章的写作要求上相同，考场写法也有相通点。
折叠审题立意
定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件:准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。
折叠草拟提纲
打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事:安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。
折叠段落主题
理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。
折叠参照提纲
紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路
架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括:顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。
折叠注意事项
进行这一步骤还需注意四方面问题:
1) 确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。
2) 要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。
3) 用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。 增加文采小窍门: 如果说第一、二步是对文章的构思，第三、四步骤则是真正地" 写" 了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门是需要长时间累积的。
4) 平时多注重积累一些高级词汇也是很重要的
折叠编辑本段作文关键
作文是中学英语学习的重要内容之一，也是学生综合能力的体现。它与学生的词汇量、语法、句法能力和逻辑思维能力等有密不可分的关系，在高考中占有相当大的比重。而许多学生在此方面丢分甚多，以致影响最后总分，因此提高学生写作能力势在必行。如何提高学生的英语写作能力呢?
1. 掌握基本句型、词组，加强基本功训练。
任何文章都是由句子组成的，句子又是由词组、基本句型构成的。要重视词、短语、句型的理解记忆，因此，书面表达要从词组、句型训练入手，强化基础知识。掌握好词组、基本句型，再配上合适的时态，一篇文章就基本完成。
折叠由易到难
句子是作文的基本单位，我们要有意识地进行连句成文的有步骤的训练。先把词汇写出来，然后巧用一些关联词连句成篇。在大量形式多样的简单句子中，要逐步学会用简单句子表达思想. 并学会构写一个语段来表达连贯的思想。
折叠表达多样
学生从开始接触英语时就学到" 主――谓――(宾)" 或" 主――系――表" 结构。它是最基本、最常用，也是大部分学生唯一能够信手拈来的句型。但这种句式若从头至尾地贯穿于书面表达
中，习作就显得单调乏味。怎样突破单一句式，使文章生动活泼、结构紧凑? 我们可以学会运用以下表达方式:
(1)倒装句式和定语从句的运用:地点状语+谓语+主语(时态限于一般现在时和一般过去时) 。该句型常用来描述物体方位，它比"there be"句型更令人印象深刻，结合定语从句的运用，使句子结构更加紧凑。
(2)动词非谓语形式的运用。动词非谓语形式的正确使用可使行文简洁、流畅。
(3)从句的运用。熟练掌握以下句型对写作帮助很大。
过了多久„„(从句的动作) 才发生:It will be +before +S+V. 如:
It will be many years before nature can restore its balance.要过许多年，自然界才能恢复平衡。
从句的动作还没来得及做，主句的动作就发生了:S+V+ before +S+V. 如:
She rushed out of the room before I had time to explain.我还没来得及解释她就冲出了房间。
what 引导的名词性从句。如:
What surprised (worried, disappointed, impressed…)me most is that….
What I need(want, worry about, hope…)is that….
(4)It is 形容词或过去分词+that-clause句型。
(5)It happened that+S+V句型。(碰巧发生什么事) 。
(6)强调句型:It is(was)+被强调成分+that/who+句子的其它成分。如:It was in Australia that I picked up my English.
4. 培养良好的学习习惯。要求每天记日记 。有机会去写自己身边的琐事，大胆地写，不受约束，想写什么就写什么，有什么就写什么。养成写日记的好习惯。
折叠语感基础
" 熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会吟。" 英语也一样。在学习中大部分人总是摆脱不了汉语对英语学习的影响，习惯用汉语的思维方式去学英语，才会在写作中无从下手或写出一些句型错误的中式英语。只有多读多背，对英语的语言习惯才会熟悉起来. 并且找到语感，写作时也才不会被汉语的思维习惯所干扰。" 读" 即选读一些外刊的精晶短文，或各种题材的范文，这类. 文章语言规范、地道. 文字短小精悍，学了就能派上用场。除此之外还要求学生正确发出每个单词的音，流利读出每句英文，还要求学生正确理解每句英文的意思，为下一步" 记" 扫清障碍。" 记" 指记忆，即背诵。书面表达的困难就在于我们头脑中" 汉语表达习惯" 的" 沉积层
太厚". 要克服汉语干扰，彻底从学生的大脑中赶走" 中国式英语" ，依靠理解和熟读英语短文，是不够的. 必须通过" 背诵" 才能使" 英语表达法" 深深印在学生的脑子里。
折叠大量阅读
古人云:"读书破万卷，下笔如有神" 、" 口不绝吟于六艺之文，手不停披于百家之编" 。可见，阅读量对表达能力的影响是直接的，阅读量越多，对表达能力的影响也越大。没有大量阅读，一切都是" 空中楼阁" 。大量的阅读英语文章有助于扩大词汇量丰富语言知识，增加语感，提高应运语言的能力，很多学生经常会想中文怎么写就会写. 写出中文式英文，语法不通。所以通过大量阅读，逐渐地不会出现中文式英文。" 大量阅读，高效写作" 旨在培养学生的阅读能力和写作能力，即口头和书面表达能力。这里阅读是前提和基础，只有通过让学生大量阅读，积累丰富的经验，才能掌握灵活的英语写作方法，才能为表达奠定良好的基础。
总之. 要提高学生的英语写作能力，就要培养学生良好的学习习惯，要重视词、短语、造句的理解记忆，对课文中优秀的对话和篇章要背诵熟读，多做翻译、改写和仿写练习。结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，才能写出准确、生动、规范的英语文章。
折叠中式英语
对英语作文的典型错误进行分析既是检验汉译英水平的最佳方法，也是提高英语作文水平的最有效途径。在此我们充分展示一下错误分析的方法和作用。下面 列举的学生译文收入了学生们在练习和考试中普遍出现的、具有代表性的英语错误。我们要仔细对照原文，努力挑出其中的错误，并且学会改正它们。在这个过程 中，我们可以做一件非常有用的事，就是把找出的错误分门别类，然后根据自己容易犯的错误类型，有针对性地进行深入的英语学习和写作训练。
翻译错误 的出现不仅是因为水平有限，而且往往出于思维的惰性。把汉语原文的词语都变成英文词语，按一定顺序串成句子，确实已经让初学者费了不少脑筋。这时尤其要认 识到，写作过程远远没有结束。你还需要自问:词语是否译得恰当? 要避免虚假对应; 词语间搭配是否合适? 要避免照搬汉语搭配; 句子结构是否自然? 要避免中式 英文和翻译腔。
需要说明的是，有一类常见错误这里没有列举，那就是英语单词的拼写问题。因为它属于英语学习的基础内容，与汉译英本身没有直接关系。但大家还是要充分意识到正确拼写的重要，勤查词典，避免此类错误的发生。
案例分析
原作文
Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinousrice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.
错误分析
(1)少用冠词:"中国人" 应该译为the Chinese (people)。再比较:"美国人" 可译为Americans ，而" 日本人" 必须加冠词，译为the Japanese.
(2)搭配不当:the custom that they eat„不通，应改为the custom of eating.. .。
(3)动词使用不当:appreciate为" 赞赏"(to value or regard highly)之意，而原文中的" 赏" 意思应该是" 观赏"(watch) .
(4)介词使用错误:原文指具体某一天的晚上，译文介词应由at 改为 on(on the evening of)。
(5)不忠实于原文:January 15是公历一月十五日，而原文" 正月十五" 指阴历(lunar calendar)的一月十五日。
英语作文正确句子
The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao(sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour) and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.
单句写作是英语写作的基本功。在一个句子中，每个词语都和其它词语发生关系，互为语境，而句子本身则处于孤立状态。所以当我们翻译各个词语时，要做到相 互协调，前后一致，逻辑严谨; 而当我们对句子做整体处理时，就享有一定灵活性，也许能够给出多种恰当的译法，而这些译法分别适用于不同的段落或篇章语境。 无论在词语的选择还是句子结构的处理上，我们对其适用范围都要作到心中有数.
英语作文 【关于春节的英语作文篇一】
Spring Festival is the most important festival in China .It ’s to celebrate the lunar calendar ‘s new year .In the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off
firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .
The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”. People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .
【关于春节的英语作文篇二】
Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. It's because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival. First, will make a big New Year meal. Second, we will make “Good-luck wishes.” Third, we will set off firecrackers. New Year meal is delicious and we think that eating some will bring us good luck. A long time ago, Chinese people believed red color could bring our good luck too. And we set off firecrackers could frighten ghosts away. Chinese New Year is very popular between students. Because we can have a long happy holiday.
【关于春节的英语作文篇三】
My spring festival This year I have a happy spring featival with my family. On New Year's Eve,all the family people get together to have a big dinner in the resturant.During the dinner we have a small talk and play some games.We say some good hope to each other.For example,keep good healthe,try your best to do
everything,have a good mood in this year,happy everyday and so on. Thanks to this spring festival,it make our family people get toghther.We enjoy ourselves and in the new year we all fighting.
【关于春节的英语作文篇四】
he New Year, This is a new start I'm in this festive holiday blessing to you happy New Year. Isdifferent, is not at home, but I am in my aunt home New Year. So the characteria different aiso, but I play or very happy. In the veveing, We is happy. In the veveing, we is happy. Fireworks stowly up the sky. The sky is busy. I"m so happy
【关于春节的英语作文篇五】
Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. It's because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival.
First, will make a big New Year meal. Second, we will make “Good-luck wishes. ” Third, we will set off firecrackers. New Year meal is delicious and we think that eating some will bring us good luck. A long time ago, Chinese people believed red color could bring our good luck too. And we set off firecrackers could frighten ghosts away.
Chinese New Year is very popular between students. Because we can have a long happy holiday.
【关于春节的英语作文篇六】
The Spring Festival， Chinese New Year，is the most important festival for all of us. All family members get together on New Year'Eve to have a big meal.At the same time ， everyone celebrates to each other.At about 12 o'clock ，some parents and children light crackers.The whole sky is lighted brightly. We may watch the fireworks excitedly.How busy it is!
On the first early moring of one year， many senior citizen get up early and they stick the reversed Fu or hang some couplets on the front door. Some house's windows are sticked on red paper cutlings.
The Chinese New Year lasts fifteen days. So during the fifteen days ， we always visit our relatives from door to door. At that time ， children are the happiest because
they can get many red packets form their parents ，grandparents ， uncles， aunts and so on. The last day of the Chinese New Year is another festival. It names the Lantern Festival.
So the Chinese New Year comes to the end.
【关于春节的英语作文篇七】
Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is coming and my family is very busy. It's because Chinese New Year is very special and important. We must prepare many special things to get ready for this festival. First, will make a big New Year meal. Second, wfirecrackers. New Year meal is delicious and we think that eating some will bring us I love Spring Featival
【关于春节的英语作文篇八】
Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year. To the Chinese people it is as important as Christmas to people in the West. the dates for this annual celebration are determined by the lunar calendar rather than the GREgorian calendar, so the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February.
To the ordinary Chinese, the festival actually begins on the eve of the lunar New Year’s Day and ends on the fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar. But the 15th of the first month, which normally is called the Lantern Festival, means the official end of the Spring Festival in many parts of the country.
Spring Festival is the most importantand popular festival in China.Before Spring Festival ,the people usually clean and decorate their houses.And they go to the Flower Fairs to buy some flowers.During Spring Festival ,the adults usually give lucky money to children.People often get together and have a big meal.Some people eat dumpling for dinner.
I love Spring Festival .
【关于春节的英语作文篇九】
Spring Festival
Spring festival is the most important festival to Chinese people.It always lasts for 15 days.Before this day,all the family members eat dinner together.Last spring festival,my parents and I had a wonderful time. We had the most delicious dinner. After dinner, my parents watched the Spring Festival Gala on CCTV together.But my cousins and I went outside and set off fireworks. They were so beautiful. The next day, we got the lucky money from the elders.We are looking forward to the next spring festival.
【关于春节的英语作文篇十】
Spring Festival is the most important festival in China .It ’s to celebrate the lunar calendar ‘s new year .In the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off
firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .
The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”. People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .
Finally I wish you a happy Spring Festival!
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如小写字母i ，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的竖笔连在一起，显得十分别扭。字形t 应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t ，倒像l 或是e ，难以辨认。另外，把r 写成v ，把q 写成把g ，把k 写成h 等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution 这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through 等也不能例外。
2. 缩略词如Mr. 、Dr. 等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。 缩略的专用名词如U.K.(the UnitedKingdom) 、U.S.A(United States of America)等也不能拆开移行。
3. 时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体; 不能分开移行。
如: 11:00 P.M. 应写在一行内，不能将11:00和PM. 分开移行; 写38℃时，不能将38和℃分开移行。
4. 由" 年、月、日" 表示的日期。如果必须分开移行只能将" 月、日" 与" 年" 分开。如January 6，1980不能将January 和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5. 含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better 可拆成bet-ter ，necessary 可拆成 neces-sary 。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill 加上-ing 后构成了drilling ，就不可以将它拆成dril-ling ，而只能拆为drilling 。
书信题型写作是应用文写作中常见的功能性写作形式，书信写作的准备一是宏观，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架，就是先写什么，后写什么; 二是微观，具体到语言如何使用。
折叠书信格式
一、书信写作考察的结构
①日期，写信人应将写信日期(年，月，日) 放在书信正文的右上角，如Jan. 30th, 2010。
提醒:考研书信写作没有要求考生必须写时间，如果没有把握自己的时间书写格式是正确的，建议考生不要写，以免出错反而扣分。
②称呼，称呼是写信人对收信人的称谓，称呼可以根据收信人的性别，职务，婚姻状况，姓名等个人信息来写，如:Mr. Williams,Mrs. Bush, Professor Li, Dr. Smith, Dear Mum and Dad
如果写信人不清楚收信人的具体姓名，职务等情况，可以写:Dear Sir orMadam, To whom it may concern 。
③正文，正文是书信的主要部分，在称呼下方隔一或两行处开始。考生写正文时，要分层次进行。书信正文通常由引言，展开段和结尾三个层次组成。
·引言，引言表明写信人的写信目的和写信背景，一般仅限于一段，一两句话即可。
提醒:此处考生容易犯一个错误:照抄题目的表达，甚至原句，这是一个严重的错误，在阅卷过程至少会扣到2分，希望广大考生要注意。
·展开段，展开段内容应详实，具体。可以分为若干段来写，每一段围绕一个主题展开。
提醒:提醒广大考生，题干中的要点必须全部包含，考生若是在漏掉一个要点(一般小作文有3个要点) 会至少扣掉3分。
·结尾，结尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一两句话表达一下希望或祝愿。
④结束语，结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二至三行处。公务等较正式的信件多采用Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Yours truly 等; 私人信件，多采用Yours, Withlove, Yours affectionately 等。
⑤签名，签名应写在结束语的下面。
二、主体段语言的操作
书信按照指令边想边写。主体第一段一句话，开门见山，提出写信的目的，表明信的性质:是投诉信还是申请信还是请求信? 我为什么要写这封信? 常用句式包括:
I am writing to complain about…
I am writing to thank… for… /express mygratitude for …
I am writing to ask for…
I am writing to apply for…
正文第二段，100个字左右，8、9句话。
此段写作的中心任务是把题目中的提纲进行扩展。如果有3条提纲，可以每一条提纲扩充3句。怎么样扩充，主要是发挥点小小的想象力，有两种思路，一是将上义拆分成为若干下义，二是把一件事情说得更为形象具体。比如第一条指令，题目里面说是books ，可以细化为各种各样的书，这就是下义拆分法。还可以具体描写一下这些书是什么样子的。同样第二个指令里面的methods ofpayment,和第三个指令里面的time and way of delivery都可以采用这两种方法进行扩展。
结尾，一般为礼貌性的套话，一般都是焦急等待着您的回信I am lookingforward to your reply足以，或者I would appreciate it if you could senda replay at your earliest convenience也行。
折叠书信句型
常用起首语
1) Looking forward to your early reply
2) Hoping to hear from you soon
3) I hope to hear from you very soon。
4) We look forward to your reply at yourearliest convenience。
5) Your early reply will be highlyappreciated。
6) I hope everything will be well withyou。
7) Please let us know if you want moreinformation。
8) I wish you very success in the comingyear。
9) Please remember me to your family。
10) With best regards to your family。
11) All the best。
12) With love and good wishes。
求职申请信常用句型
1. In reply to your advertisement in ~,Irespectfully offer my services for the situation。
2. With reference to your advertisementin ~ for a / an ~,I offer myself for the post。
3. Please consider me an applicant forthe position which you advertised in ~。
4. Having noticed the enclosedadvertisement in ~,I wish to apply for the position referred to。
5. In answer to your advertisement in ~for a ~,I wish to tender my services。
6. Your advertisement for a ~ in ~ hasinterested me. I feel I can fill that position。
7. Shall you need an experienced ~ foryour ~ next SUMMER?
8. I have been for over five years inthe employment of a / an ~ company
9. I have been in the business for thelast ~ years, and worked as the director of the„department 。
10. I've had ~ years' experience with acompany as a ~。
11. For the last ~ years, I have beenand still am a / an ~。
12. I'm ~ years of age, female / male,and have had ~ years' experience in a limited company's ~ office
13. I should be very glad to have apersonal interview and can furnish references if desired。
14. If you desire an interview, I shallbe most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may appoint。
15. Should you think favorably of myapplication, kindly grant me an interview。
16. I trust that you'll give thisapplication your favorable consideration。
17. Should you give me a trial, I'll domy utmost to afford you every satisfaction。
申诉信常用句型
1. I am sorry to say that we are greatlyinconvenienced by the fact that ~。
2. I am writing this letter to complainabout ~。
3. I really must complain about thequality of the ~ I recently got from your company。
4. You seem to have supplied us with aproduct that falls far below the standard we expect。
5. The ~ I ordered from your storearrived broken. Obviously, no packing had been placed in the box before it wassent from the warehouse。
6. It is now over ~ since we made theabove order with you, but the ~ we need badly now haven't arrived yet。
7. The product I purchased from you ~proved to be quite a disappointment. Although it looks exactly the same as theone I saw in your commercial, it actually does not perform the same way。
8. As I have no interest in receiving areplacement, I am returning the product to you and demand that a full refund bemade to me。
9. I'd appreciate it very much if yourefund the money I have paid for it。
10. We would appreciate it if you wouldarrange for the replacement of the damaged items。
感谢信常用句式参考:
1. Let me tell you how much I liked /appreciated / enjoyed…
2. I want you to know how much we / Iappreciate…
3. We appreciate your taking time to …
4. I don't know how I would have managedwithout your help
5. I hope I can return the favor someday
6. Do let me know if I can ever returnthe favor
折叠语法要点
基英语学习的长期目标--交流所必需的能力之一。毋庸置疑，英语写作是集基础知识，基本能力和课外信息于一身的综合体现，同时，又要兼顾到写作者高超的写作技巧。因而，没有扎实的英语语法知识;
1) 、taff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours -- it must have been close to noon -- the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were ex
本段从"rose"(起床) 写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天结束("By nine--")。
B. 按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如:
From the distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a distance") 写起，然后"get closer" ，再到("ten feet
away") ，最后是"inside the pagoda" „„当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a. 按重要性顺序排列(arrangement in order of importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从"not need much skill" 或"of little importance" 到"more important"，最后是"most important"。
b. 由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A -- the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness ，先给出一个general statement 作为主题句，然后通过5个 "perhaps" 加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually
offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题:为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2) 形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语:
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies -- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases)，另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices) 。前者依次有:first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both „and, consequently, and, finally. 后者依次是:he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions 不仅对行文的流(smoothness)有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions 也就很难有coherence 了. 我们看下面一个例子:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 en211ago. Written language is arecent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的"it" 之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语. 这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落:
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language
is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
有损连贯
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误:
改变时态
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
变单复数
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
改变人称
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
折叠编辑本段写作技巧
英语考试作文试题的一个最大的特点就是时限性，即在有限的时间内(一般分配30分钟) 按试题要求完成作文试题。有很多参试者最后交卷时作文题要么没有完成要么质量比较差，这其中当然有很多原因，但不可忽视的一点原因便是写作文时间不够来不及完成作文或来不及仔细思考写一篇合乎题目要求的文章。通过本次培训课程，各位可以学会一些减省写作时间的良方佳策。
英语作文试题一般要求字数在120字左右，段落一般为三段，因而有" 三段论" 一说。所谓" 三段论" 即全文分为三个自然段，一般结构为" 首段摆事实(现象) 、提观点(论点或问题) ，在这一部分参试者最好将题目要求中的第一个要点(一般为提出问题或观点) 作为首段的内容之一;
第二段剖析现象、分析论点，这也是全文的主体部分。在这一部分参试者需要将试题要求中的所有要点的内容都加以阐述和扩展，同时注意不要信马由缰的写一些与文章主题无关的内容以免被当作跑题处理; 第三段为结论段，这一段的主要任务是为全文做一个结论性的终结，让文章显得完整和连贯。至于开头和结尾有无固定的套路可循，我们后面的讲解中将会接触到。
折叠编辑本段标题的正确写法
每篇作文都有一个标题，英语叫title, 标题写在作文的第一行中间，和正文要间隔一行.
如果用打字机或者打印机打出，那么每个字母都要大写，例如，A FRIDEN OF MINE.如果是手写，那么一些重要的词的第一个字母不大写，因为介词，连词，和冠词通过被认为是不重要的词，不必大写.
不可将标题写成斜体，不可在标题下加横线，也不可用引号或者括号，即使标题是一个完整的句子，也不可以在末尾加上句号，
例如标题，The Sun Has Risen 不可以写The Sun Has Risen.
但如果标题是疑问句，则可以添加问号，例如，How Do You Like the Film?
如果标题是感叹句. 可以用惊叹号. 例如:What a Hero He Was!
折叠编辑本段写作能力
一 丰富学生词汇量，培养学生遣词造句的能力
词汇是组成语言最基本的单位，是写作的必需材料。词汇量不足或掌握得不好，都会给写作带来困难。众所周知，作文是信息的输出，一定要以输入为前提; 只有头脑中储备有一定数量的词汇，才有可能写出好作文。因此，加强词汇教学、扩大和丰富学生的词汇量是提高学生写作能力的基础工作。
因而，在进行词汇教学时，教师应通过例句讲清楚常用词的意义、使用条件、用法及搭配关系，然后再让学生模仿造句。此外，英语有自己的固定短语、固定搭配、特殊句型等，如果学生能在作文中恰到好处地使用它们，那将会大大地提高作文档次 。因此，平时必须加强这方面的基本训练，还要督促学生课后多多记忆。
二 适时传授语法知识，注意由浅入深
其实，在教学实践中，学生作文中的语法错误屡见不鲜，诸如名词的形式、动词的时态、代词的格、形容词的形式，乃至于语态、主谓搭配等多方面常会出现错误。如果学生不了解语法，写出的文章就会错误百出，显得档次很低。如果说高级词汇是珍珠，它们在文章中闪耀着夺目的光芒，那语法就一定是丝带，把珍珠有序地串联组合起来，这样才能使之成为精彩的文章。
由此可见，语法在英语作文中占有重要的地位。所以，在教学过程中，教师应设法将语法由浅及深、由易到难地渗透到课堂教学中去。其步骤第一，针对高一新生，可先介绍简单句的五个基本句型及存在句句型，即:S+V;S+V+O;S+V+O1+O2;S+V+O+OC;S+link-v+P;There be+S+„几乎所有的英语句型都是这些句型扩大、延伸或变化而来，如果学生能够掌握这些句型，并运用自如，就为后面的复合句和非谓语动词的学习奠定了基础。不过，同时也要注意动词时态的引入。第二，加强时态练习，训练学生正确使用动词形式。
三 依托教材多形式地训练
新课标教材的内容、题材和体裁丰富多彩，学生课文中有人物传记、剧本、科普文章、英美国家概况等，这些不仅开拓了学生视野，也为学生写作提供了写作素材和模板，在学习完一个单元后教师可根据不同内容对学生进行相应的训练，如复述课文、缩写课文、续写课文、扩写课文或改写课文等，还可模仿课文仿写。我个人体会改写和仿写是写作训练的好形式。
折叠编辑本段考试注意
常见的英语作文类型分为议论文、图表文、记叙文、应用文等，不同类型文章的写作要求上相同，考场写法也有相通点。
折叠审题立意
定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件:准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。
折叠草拟提纲
打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事:安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。
折叠段落主题
理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。
折叠参照提纲
紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路
架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括:顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。
折叠注意事项
进行这一步骤还需注意四方面问题:
1) 确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。
2) 要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。
3) 用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。 增加文采小窍门: 如果说第一、二步是对文章的构思，第三、四步骤则是真正地" 写" 了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门是需要长时间累积的。
4) 平时多注重积累一些高级词汇也是很重要的
折叠编辑本段作文关键
作文是中学英语学习的重要内容之一，也是学生综合能力的体现。它与学生的词汇量、语法、句法能力和逻辑思维能力等有密不可分的关系，在高考中占有相当大的比重。而许多学生在此方面丢分甚多，以致影响最后总分，因此提高学生写作能力势在必行。如何提高学生的英语写作能力呢?
1. 掌握基本句型、词组，加强基本功训练。
任何文章都是由句子组成的，句子又是由词组、基本句型构成的。要重视词、短语、句型的理解记忆，因此，书面表达要从词组、句型训练入手，强化基础知识。掌握好词组、基本句型，再配上合适的时态，一篇文章就基本完成。
折叠由易到难
句子是作文的基本单位，我们要有意识地进行连句成文的有步骤的训练。先把词汇写出来，然后巧用一些关联词连句成篇。在大量形式多样的简单句子中，要逐步学会用简单句子表达思想. 并学会构写一个语段来表达连贯的思想。
折叠表达多样
学生从开始接触英语时就学到" 主――谓――(宾)" 或" 主――系――表" 结构。它是最基本、最常用，也是大部分学生唯一能够信手拈来的句型。但这种句式若从头至尾地贯穿于书面表达
中，习作就显得单调乏味。怎样突破单一句式，使文章生动活泼、结构紧凑? 我们可以学会运用以下表达方式:
(1)倒装句式和定语从句的运用:地点状语+谓语+主语(时态限于一般现在时和一般过去时) 。该句型常用来描述物体方位，它比"there be"句型更令人印象深刻，结合定语从句的运用，使句子结构更加紧凑。
(2)动词非谓语形式的运用。动词非谓语形式的正确使用可使行文简洁、流畅。
(3)从句的运用。熟练掌握以下句型对写作帮助很大。
过了多久„„(从句的动作) 才发生:It will be +before +S+V. 如:
It will be many years before nature can restore its balance.要过许多年，自然界才能恢复平衡。
从句的动作还没来得及做，主句的动作就发生了:S+V+ before +S+V. 如:
She rushed out of the room before I had time to explain.我还没来得及解释她就冲出了房间。
what 引导的名词性从句。如:
What surprised (worried, disappointed, impressed…)me most is that….
What I need(want, worry about, hope…)is that….
(4)It is 形容词或过去分词+that-clause句型。
(5)It happened that+S+V句型。(碰巧发生什么事) 。
(6)强调句型:It is(was)+被强调成分+that/who+句子的其它成分。如:It was in Australia that I picked up my English.
4. 培养良好的学习习惯。要求每天记日记 。有机会去写自己身边的琐事，大胆地写，不受约束，想写什么就写什么，有什么就写什么。养成写日记的好习惯。
折叠语感基础
" 熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会吟。" 英语也一样。在学习中大部分人总是摆脱不了汉语对英语学习的影响，习惯用汉语的思维方式去学英语，才会在写作中无从下手或写出一些句型错误的中式英语。只有多读多背，对英语的语言习惯才会熟悉起来. 并且找到语感，写作时也才不会被汉语的思维习惯所干扰。" 读" 即选读一些外刊的精晶短文，或各种题材的范文，这类. 文章语言规范、地道. 文字短小精悍，学了就能派上用场。除此之外还要求学生正确发出每个单词的音，流利读出每句英文，还要求学生正确理解每句英文的意思，为下一步" 记" 扫清障碍。" 记" 指记忆，即背诵。书面表达的困难就在于我们头脑中" 汉语表达习惯" 的" 沉积层
太厚". 要克服汉语干扰，彻底从学生的大脑中赶走" 中国式英语" ，依靠理解和熟读英语短文，是不够的. 必须通过" 背诵" 才能使" 英语表达法" 深深印在学生的脑子里。
折叠大量阅读
古人云:"读书破万卷，下笔如有神" 、" 口不绝吟于六艺之文，手不停披于百家之编" 。可见，阅读量对表达能力的影响是直接的，阅读量越多，对表达能力的影响也越大。没有大量阅读，一切都是" 空中楼阁" 。大量的阅读英语文章有助于扩大词汇量丰富语言知识，增加语感，提高应运语言的能力，很多学生经常会想中文怎么写就会写. 写出中文式英文，语法不通。所以通过大量阅读，逐渐地不会出现中文式英文。" 大量阅读，高效写作" 旨在培养学生的阅读能力和写作能力，即口头和书面表达能力。这里阅读是前提和基础，只有通过让学生大量阅读，积累丰富的经验，才能掌握灵活的英语写作方法，才能为表达奠定良好的基础。
总之. 要提高学生的英语写作能力，就要培养学生良好的学习习惯，要重视词、短语、造句的理解记忆，对课文中优秀的对话和篇章要背诵熟读，多做翻译、改写和仿写练习。结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，才能写出准确、生动、规范的英语文章。
折叠中式英语
对英语作文的典型错误进行分析既是检验汉译英水平的最佳方法，也是提高英语作文水平的最有效途径。在此我们充分展示一下错误分析的方法和作用。下面 列举的学生译文收入了学生们在练习和考试中普遍出现的、具有代表性的英语错误。我们要仔细对照原文，努力挑出其中的错误，并且学会改正它们。在这个过程 中，我们可以做一件非常有用的事，就是把找出的错误分门别类，然后根据自己容易犯的错误类型，有针对性地进行深入的英语学习和写作训练。
翻译错误 的出现不仅是因为水平有限，而且往往出于思维的惰性。把汉语原文的词语都变成英文词语，按一定顺序串成句子，确实已经让初学者费了不少脑筋。这时尤其要认 识到，写作过程远远没有结束。你还需要自问:词语是否译得恰当? 要避免虚假对应; 词语间搭配是否合适? 要避免照搬汉语搭配; 句子结构是否自然? 要避免中式 英文和翻译腔。
需要说明的是，有一类常见错误这里没有列举，那就是英语单词的拼写问题。因为它属于英语学习的基础内容，与汉译英本身没有直接关系。但大家还是要充分意识到正确拼写的重要，勤查词典，避免此类错误的发生。
案例分析
原作文
Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinousrice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.
错误分析
(1)少用冠词:"中国人" 应该译为the Chinese (people)。再比较:"美国人" 可译为Americans ，而" 日本人" 必须加冠词，译为the Japanese.
(2)搭配不当:the custom that they eat„不通，应改为the custom of eating.. .。
(3)动词使用不当:appreciate为" 赞赏"(to value or regard highly)之意，而原文中的" 赏" 意思应该是" 观赏"(watch) .
(4)介词使用错误:原文指具体某一天的晚上，译文介词应由at 改为 on(on the evening of)。
(5)不忠实于原文:January 15是公历一月十五日，而原文" 正月十五" 指阴历(lunar calendar)的一月十五日。
英语作文正确句子
The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao(sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour) and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.
单句写作是英语写作的基本功。在一个句子中，每个词语都和其它词语发生关系，互为语境，而句子本身则处于孤立状态。所以当我们翻译各个词语时，要做到相 互协调，前后一致，逻辑严谨; 而当我们对句子做整体处理时，就享有一定灵活性，也许能够给出多种恰当的译法，而这些译法分别适用于不同的段落或篇章语境。 无论在词语的选择还是句子结构的处理上，我们对其适用范围都要作到心中有数.